Stone types for landscape
More than anything else, the hardscapes you add to your landscape give it structure and aesthetic appeal. Hardscapes include paths, patios and driveways and you’ll find numerous materials at your local landscaping supply company from which to choose. Slabs of rock are usually the costliest materials for edging and building materials, but smaller rocks are a durable and affordable option. Below, we’ve included information on the most common types of landscaping rocks: pea gravel, gravel, crushed stone, river rocks and decomposed granite.
PEA GRAVEL
Slightly rounded and as the name implies, about the size of peas, pea gravel is a long-lasting solution for paths and walkways. It is often used as a mulch in bare areas and is sometimes used under xeriscape-type plants. Pea gravel comes in a variety of colors, and prices can vary considerably, depending on the color you choose.
The main disadvantage of pea gravel is its tendency to travel. If it’s not edged well, you’ll find it in your lawn and flower beds. Additionally, pea gravel is a pain to remove should you ever want to change your garden layout. Finally, like all rock mulches, pea gravel compacts the soil and holds heat, which can damage plants. In most cases, wood chip or other organic mulches work better with plantings.
Advantages
Most kinds are fairly inexpensive and readily available.
Disadvantages
It can be difficult to push a lawn mower or any wheeled equipment over a gravel path, as the wheels tend to sink into the gravel. It can stray out of place if not properly edged.
Special considerations
There are several different types of pea gravel, and some are significantly more expensive (rainbow gravel, for example). Be sure you know the difference when you are choosing your gravel to avoid sticker shock upon checkout.
Maintenance
Stay on top of weeding so it doesn’t become a maintenance issue. Pea gravel can have a tendency to stray out of its area if there’s no barrier to keep it in place, and even then, it can shift to cover nearby flagstone. Keep a broom handy to sweep it back into place.
GRAVEL
Machine crushed gravel has triangular sides that fit together. This shape allows the gravel to meld together when compacted to form a tight, durable surface. Gravel is used mostly for driveways, although it can be used for paths and patios. When installing it on roads and driveways, make sure the road is properly graded first to allow adequate drainage. Start with larger rocks to form a sturdy base and pour the gravel on top. In most cases, you’ll need at least an 8 inch layer of gravel. Gravel driveways need regular maintenance, especially in snowy areas where snow plows displace the gravel.
General gravel notes:
*Buy in bulk or by the yard, rather than by the bag, to save money.
*Always inquire about delivery fees when ordering.
*Gravels are typically available by bags at home improvement stores and by the bag, yard or ton at landscape supply yards.
*Consider installing a contractor-grade landscape fabric underneath your gravel area. It suppresses weeds and allows rain to penetrate while keeping the rock from sinking into the ground. There is some conversation among gardeners about the efficacy and value of this fabric, and although I have always found it helpful, I encourage you to read up about the pros and cons before making your decision.
RIVER ROCKS
River rocks come in a variety of sizes, ranging from 1 inch up to several inches across. These smooth rocks create a rustic, natural feel and are often used to edge flower beds or create drainage areas within beds. Costs vary considerably, but river rocks are typically sold by the pound or the ton. When installing river rocks, opt for a variety of sizes for the most natural look. Weeding chores are difficult with river rocks. Lay down landscaping fabric prior to installation and use a blower to clean up leaves and yard debris.
Advantages
It’s readily available in different types and costs.
Disadvantages
It can be difficult to weed through this type of rock; maintenance should be consistent so you can avoid unpleasant cleanups.
Special considerations
To create a realistic-looking dry creek bed, use different sizes of river rock with some small and large boulder accents – Mother Nature doesn’t limit herself to just one size rock.
Maintenance
As with other types of rock, stay on top of weeding, as once weeds get out of control, it’s very difficult to remove them. Use a blower to remove seasonal debris, like fallen leaves and soil. Installing landscape fabric underneath river rock is a great way to keep this heavier rock from settling into the soil below.
DECOMPOSED GRANITE
Decomposed granite is simply granite that has weathered to a combination of tiny rocks and silt. Because of its fine texture, it is often used on paths or patios. It’s usually rust-colored and fades to tan in the sun. Decomposed granite is reasonably affordable and holds up for a long time. Many landscapers install it in layers, compacting each layer for added durability. You can also add a stabilizer product to it, which glues the pieces together. One disadvantage to decomposed granite is that it can adhere to your shoes or your pet’s feet. If dragged in the house, it makes a bit of a mess and can scratch hardwood floors. Over time, decomposed granite works its way into the soil, and you might need to add more. A Guide To Gravel
Advantages
It’s relatively inexpensive and readily available.
Disadvantages
It can track inside on the bottom of your shoes, so if you have hardwood floors, you might want to take your shoes off after walking on a DG pathway. It’s also difficult to remove weeds when they get out of control.
Special considerations
It’s best to apply it in thin layers, watering down and tamping each layer to create a very compact surface. You can also add a stabiliser (a water-activated binder) to the decomposed granite area, which protects the DG from the damaging effects of traffic and weather while still allowing it to be permeable.
Maintenance
You may consider installing a contractor-grade landscape fabric underneath your decomposed granite area to discourage weeds from growing, but be aware that weed seeds can still blow in from above. Stay on top of weeding by hand pulling or by carefully using an organic herbicide. DG will break down into the soil after a number of years, so you may find it necessary to add to your patio or walkway to keep it looking fresh.
CRUSHED STONE
Crushed stone is similar to decomposed granite, but the rocks aren’t crushed quite as finely. Crushed stone comes in a variety of colors and usually costs more than decomposed granite. It has a crisper look than decomposed granite and works well in contemporary landscapes.
Advantages
It provides great texture in the garden, and is a step up from DG for gardeners who want a more refined or contemporary look.
Disadvantages
It can be hard to locate a source if you live in a more rural area, and it can be twice the cost of the similar but more humble decomposed granite.
Special considerations
It’s similar to decomposed granite.
Maintenance
The upkeep for crushed granite gravel is similar to that for decomposed granite and pea gravel, as it has some of the same qualities as each of those materials.
PEA GRAVEL
Slightly rounded and as the name implies, about the size of peas, pea gravel is a long-lasting solution for paths and walkways. It is often used as a mulch in bare areas and is sometimes used under xeriscape-type plants. Pea gravel comes in a variety of colors, and prices can vary considerably, depending on the color you choose.
The main disadvantage of pea gravel is its tendency to travel. If it’s not edged well, you’ll find it in your lawn and flower beds. Additionally, pea gravel is a pain to remove should you ever want to change your garden layout. Finally, like all rock mulches, pea gravel compacts the soil and holds heat, which can damage plants. In most cases, wood chip or other organic mulches work better with plantings.
Advantages
Most kinds are fairly inexpensive and readily available.
Disadvantages
It can be difficult to push a lawn mower or any wheeled equipment over a gravel path, as the wheels tend to sink into the gravel. It can stray out of place if not properly edged.
Special considerations
There are several different types of pea gravel, and some are significantly more expensive (rainbow gravel, for example). Be sure you know the difference when you are choosing your gravel to avoid sticker shock upon checkout.
Maintenance
Stay on top of weeding so it doesn’t become a maintenance issue. Pea gravel can have a tendency to stray out of its area if there’s no barrier to keep it in place, and even then, it can shift to cover nearby flagstone. Keep a broom handy to sweep it back into place.
GRAVEL
Machine crushed gravel has triangular sides that fit together. This shape allows the gravel to meld together when compacted to form a tight, durable surface. Gravel is used mostly for driveways, although it can be used for paths and patios. When installing it on roads and driveways, make sure the road is properly graded first to allow adequate drainage. Start with larger rocks to form a sturdy base and pour the gravel on top. In most cases, you’ll need at least an 8 inch layer of gravel. Gravel driveways need regular maintenance, especially in snowy areas where snow plows displace the gravel.
General gravel notes:
*Buy in bulk or by the yard, rather than by the bag, to save money.
*Always inquire about delivery fees when ordering.
*Gravels are typically available by bags at home improvement stores and by the bag, yard or ton at landscape supply yards.
*Consider installing a contractor-grade landscape fabric underneath your gravel area. It suppresses weeds and allows rain to penetrate while keeping the rock from sinking into the ground. There is some conversation among gardeners about the efficacy and value of this fabric, and although I have always found it helpful, I encourage you to read up about the pros and cons before making your decision.
RIVER ROCKS
River rocks come in a variety of sizes, ranging from 1 inch up to several inches across. These smooth rocks create a rustic, natural feel and are often used to edge flower beds or create drainage areas within beds. Costs vary considerably, but river rocks are typically sold by the pound or the ton. When installing river rocks, opt for a variety of sizes for the most natural look. Weeding chores are difficult with river rocks. Lay down landscaping fabric prior to installation and use a blower to clean up leaves and yard debris.
Advantages
It’s readily available in different types and costs.
Disadvantages
It can be difficult to weed through this type of rock; maintenance should be consistent so you can avoid unpleasant cleanups.
Special considerations
To create a realistic-looking dry creek bed, use different sizes of river rock with some small and large boulder accents – Mother Nature doesn’t limit herself to just one size rock.
Maintenance
As with other types of rock, stay on top of weeding, as once weeds get out of control, it’s very difficult to remove them. Use a blower to remove seasonal debris, like fallen leaves and soil. Installing landscape fabric underneath river rock is a great way to keep this heavier rock from settling into the soil below.
DECOMPOSED GRANITE
Decomposed granite is simply granite that has weathered to a combination of tiny rocks and silt. Because of its fine texture, it is often used on paths or patios. It’s usually rust-colored and fades to tan in the sun. Decomposed granite is reasonably affordable and holds up for a long time. Many landscapers install it in layers, compacting each layer for added durability. You can also add a stabilizer product to it, which glues the pieces together. One disadvantage to decomposed granite is that it can adhere to your shoes or your pet’s feet. If dragged in the house, it makes a bit of a mess and can scratch hardwood floors. Over time, decomposed granite works its way into the soil, and you might need to add more. A Guide To Gravel
Advantages
It’s relatively inexpensive and readily available.
Disadvantages
It can track inside on the bottom of your shoes, so if you have hardwood floors, you might want to take your shoes off after walking on a DG pathway. It’s also difficult to remove weeds when they get out of control.
Special considerations
It’s best to apply it in thin layers, watering down and tamping each layer to create a very compact surface. You can also add a stabiliser (a water-activated binder) to the decomposed granite area, which protects the DG from the damaging effects of traffic and weather while still allowing it to be permeable.
Maintenance
You may consider installing a contractor-grade landscape fabric underneath your decomposed granite area to discourage weeds from growing, but be aware that weed seeds can still blow in from above. Stay on top of weeding by hand pulling or by carefully using an organic herbicide. DG will break down into the soil after a number of years, so you may find it necessary to add to your patio or walkway to keep it looking fresh.
CRUSHED STONE
Crushed stone is similar to decomposed granite, but the rocks aren’t crushed quite as finely. Crushed stone comes in a variety of colors and usually costs more than decomposed granite. It has a crisper look than decomposed granite and works well in contemporary landscapes.
Advantages
It provides great texture in the garden, and is a step up from DG for gardeners who want a more refined or contemporary look.
Disadvantages
It can be hard to locate a source if you live in a more rural area, and it can be twice the cost of the similar but more humble decomposed granite.
Special considerations
It’s similar to decomposed granite.
Maintenance
The upkeep for crushed granite gravel is similar to that for decomposed granite and pea gravel, as it has some of the same qualities as each of those materials.
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